Unit 4
This text is adapted from an article of the same title in Family Storybook Collection by Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen. Health Communications, Inc. 1996.
close1RT When my grandfather died, my 83-year-old grandmother, once so full of life, slowly began to fade. No longer able to manage a home of her own, she moved in with my mother, where she was visited often by other members of her large, loving family (two children, eight grandchildren, 22 great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren). Although she still had her good days, it was often hard to arouse her interest.
送给曾祖母的洋娃娃
杰奎林·希基
我爷爷去世后，我83岁的奶奶渐渐失去了原有的活力。由于奶奶无法再照顾自己，所以她搬去和我妈妈一起住。我们一家是个充满爱的大家庭（奶奶有两个孩子，8个孙辈，22个曾孙辈，还有两个玄孙辈），大家经常去看望她。尽管奶奶的日子过得挺舒适，她却对什么事都提不起兴趣。close2RT But one chilly December afternoon three years ago, my daughter Meagan, then eight, and I were settling in for a long visit with "GG", as the family calls her, when she noticed that Meagan was carrying her favorite doll.
三年前十二月里的一天下午，天气阴冷，我和当时才8岁的女儿米根去看望GG（家里人都这么称呼她），并在那儿住了一段时间。奶奶看见米根抱着她心爱的洋娃娃。close3RT "I, too, had a special doll when I was a little girl," she told Meagan. "I got it one Christmas when I was about your age. I lived in an old farmhouse in Maine, with Mom, Dad and my four sisters, and the very first gift I opened that Christmas was the most beautiful doll you'd ever want to see."
“小时候我也有一个很特别的洋娃娃，”奶奶告诉米根，“那是我的圣诞礼物，那时我和你现在差不多大。我和父母、四个姐妹住在缅因州的一个老农场里。那年圣诞我打开的第一份礼物是一个非常漂亮的娃娃，那么漂亮，见过之后你也许不会再想看别的洋娃娃了。”close4RT "She had an exquisite, hand-painted porcelain face, and her long brown hair was pulled back with a big pink bow. Her eyes were blue as blue could be, and they opened and closed. I remember she had a body of kidskin, and her arms and legs bent at the joints."
“洋娃娃有一张精致的、手绘的瓷脸，长长的棕色头发用一个粉红色蝴蝶结束在脑后，眼睛是标准的蓝色，还眨巴眨巴的。我还记得她的身体是用小山羊皮做的，手脚关节还可以动呢。”close5RT GG's voice dropped low, taking on an almost reverent tone. "My doll was dressed in a pretty pink gown, trimmed with fine lace. But what I especially remember was her petticoat. It was fine linen, trimmed with rows and rows of delicate lace. And the tiny buttons on her boots were real.... Getting such a fine doll was like a miracle for a little farm girl like me — my parents must have had to sacrifice so much to afford it. But how happy I was that morning!"
GG的声音忽然沉了下去，她用一种几乎是虔诚的语调在叙说。“我的洋娃娃穿着一件漂亮的粉红礼服，边上绣着精致的蕾丝。我印象最深刻的是她穿的亚麻布料的衬裙，上边绣着一排排精致的蕾丝。她靴子上的小钮扣还是真的…对于我这个农家女儿来说，得到这样一个可爱的洋娃娃简直就是一个奇迹，为了买她，我的父母一定牺牲了很多。那天早上我太高兴了。”close6RT GG's eyes filled and her voice shook with emotion as she recalled that Christmas of long ago. "I played with my doll all morning long. She was such a beautiful doll.... And then it happened. My mother called us to the dining room for Christmas dinner and I laid my new doll down, ever so gently, on the hall table. But as I went to join the family at the table, I heard a loud crash."
GG的眼眶湿润了，她用颤抖的声音叙说着很久以前的那个圣诞节。“整个上午我都在玩这个洋娃娃，她太漂亮了…然而悲剧发生了。妈妈叫我们去饭厅吃圣诞晚餐，我轻轻地把洋娃娃放在厅里的桌子上。我走过去和家人一起吃饭，猛然听见一声巨响。”close7RT "I hardly had to turn around — I knew it was my precious doll. I just knew it. And it was. Her lace petticoat had hung down from the table just enough for my baby sister to reach up and pull on it. When I ran in from the dining room, there lay my beautiful doll on the floor, her face smashed into a dozen pieces. I can still see my mother trying to put my poor doll together again. But it couldn't be done. She was gone forever."
“我不用回头看就知道那是我的宝贝洋娃娃。我能感觉到。果然没错。洋娃娃的蕾丝衬裙垂到桌子旁，刚好我的小妹妹够得着，把她拉了下来。我从饭厅冲过去，只见我的洋娃娃躺在地上，脸摔成了十几块。我还记得妈妈正试着帮我把那可怜的洋娃娃重新拼起来。但是怎么弄都不行。我的洋娃娃就这样没了。”close8RT A few years later, GG's baby sister was also gone, she told Meagan, a victim of pneumonia. Now the tears in her eyes spilled over — tears, I knew, not only for a lost doll and a lost sister, but for a lost time.
GG告诉米根，几年后小妹妹因为肺炎也永远离开了。GG这时满脸泪水，我知道她流泪不止是因为失去了洋娃娃和小妹妹，更因为那逝去的年华。close9RT Subdued for the rest of the visit, Meagan was no sooner in the car going home than she exclaimed, "Mom, I have a great idea! Let's get GG a new doll for Christmas, one exactly like the doll that got broken. Then she won't cry when she thinks about it."
米根郁郁寡欢地度过了剩下的几天，我们该回家了。一上车她就叫道："妈妈，我有一个好主意。我们送给GG一个新洋娃娃作圣诞礼物吧，跟那个摔破的洋娃娃一模一样的。那她再也不用想到它就哭了。"close10RT My heart filled with pride as I listened to my compassionate little daughter. But where would we find a doll to match GG's fond memories?
看到我的女儿这么富有同情心，我觉得很骄傲。可是我们上哪儿去找一个与GG的美好记忆中一模一样的洋娃娃呢？close11RT Where there's a will, as they say, there's a way. When I told my best friends, Liz and Chris, about my problem, Liz put me in touch with a local dollmaker who made doll heads, hands and feet of a ceramic that closely resembled the old porcelain ones. From her I commissioned a doll head in the style of three-quarters of a century ago — making sure to specify "big blue eyes that opened and closed," and hands and feet. From a doll supply house I ordered a long brown wig and a kidskin body, and Meagan and I shopped for fabric, lace and ribbon to duplicate the outfit GG had so lovingly described. Liz volunteered to put the doll together, and as the last days before Christmas raced by, Chris helped me make the doll's outfit, complete with lacy petticoat. And while Liz, Chris and I searched for doll "boots with real buttons," Meagan wrote and illustrated the story of the lost doll.
“有志者事竟成。”当我把我的难处告诉好朋友莉兹和克丽丝后，莉兹帮我联系到一个当地的玩具生产商，他们专门制作陶瓷娃娃的头和四肢，与老式的瓷洋娃娃很像。我委托她定做了洋娃娃的头部，按照七十五年前的式样，还特别强调要“蓝色的大眼睛能眨巴眨巴”，也定做了手和脚。在另外一个玩具供应商那里，我订做了长长的棕色假发和小山羊皮做的身体模型。我和米根买了织布、蕾丝以及丝带，准备做GG深情描述过的洋娃娃服装。莉兹自告奋勇组装洋娃娃，随着圣诞节日益临近，克丽丝用我们买来的物品做成了一件有蕾丝的那种裙子。在莉兹、克丽丝和我三个人到处寻找"有真扣子的靴子"的时候，米根写好了失去的洋娃娃的故事，还配上了图画。close12RT Finally, our creation was finished. To our eyes it was perfect. But, of course, there was no way it could be exactly like the doll GG had loved so much and lost. Would she think it looked anything like it?
终于大功告成了。在我们看来，这个洋洋娃娃是完美的。当然了，她跟GG所钟爱的那个丢失多年的洋娃娃不可能一模一样。但她会不会觉得有点像呢？close13RT On Christmas Eve, Meagan and I carried our gaily wrapped gift to GG. "It's for you," Meagan said, "but first you have to read the story that goes with it."
圣诞前夜，我和米根把我们包装鲜艳的礼物拿给GG。“送给您的。不过您得先读一读配的故事。”米根说。close14RT "Read it out loud," we demanded. GG no sooner got through the first page than her voice cracked and she was unable to go on, but Meagan took over where she left off. Then it was time to open her present.
“大声读出来，”我们对GG说。还没读完第一页，GG的声音就开始颤抖了，她没法继续读下去。米根接下去把故事读完，随后该拆开礼物了。close15RT I'll never forget the look on GG's face as she lifted the doll and held it to her chest. Once again her tears fell, but this time they were tears of joy. Cradling the doll in her frail arms, she repeated over and over again, "She's exactly like my old doll, exactly like her."
我永远也不会忘记GG拿起洋娃娃抱在胸前的表情，泪水又滑落了下来，不过这次是开心的泪水。她用虚弱的双臂抱着洋娃娃不停地摇着，嘴里反反复复地念着：“跟我以前的那个洋娃娃一模一样，简直一模一样。”close16RT And perhaps she wasn't saying that just to be kind. Perhaps however impossible it seemed, we had managed to produce a close copy of the doll she remembered. But as I watched my eight-year-old daughter and her great-grand-mother examining the doll together, I thought of a likelier explanation. What GG really recognized, perhaps, was the love that inspired the gift. And love, wherever it comes from, always looks the same.
也许她并不是为了安慰我们才这样说的，虽然看起来不可能完全一样，但我们毕竟做了一个她记忆中近似的复制品。但是当我看着八岁的女儿和她曾祖母一起端详着洋娃娃时，我想到了一个更为合理的解释：或许GG看到的是那种激励我们制作洋娃娃的那份爱。爱，不管来自何方，给人的感受都是一样的。
2
T Care of the Elderly: A Family Matter
This text is adapted from An Intermediate Reading Skills Text by Lorraine C. Smith & Nancy Nici Mane. Heinle & Heinle Publishers. 1990.
close1RT Who takes care of the elderly in the United States today? Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes. They are left there in the hands of strangers for the rest of their lives. Their grown children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any regular visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth — a fictitious (虚构的) story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care that elderly people need.
关爱老年人：事关全家人
在当今美国社会，谁在照顾老年人？很多人错误地以为，人们上了年纪后，家人便会把他们送到养老院去，由陌生人照顾，并在那里度过余生。他们成年的孩子偶尔会来看看他们，更多的时候，没有人会来定期看望他们。这种看法其实只是个令人遗憾的误解，与事实根本不符。事实是，老人们得到的关爱，超过百分之八十来自他们的家庭成员。close2RT Samuel H. Preston, a sociologist (社会学家) at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. This statistic shows the change in life-styles and responsibilities of aging Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents some time after their own children have grown up. Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long-term care. These facts also mean that after caregivers provide for their elderly parents, who will eventually die, they will be old and may require care too. When they do, their spouses (配偶) will probably take care of them.
宾夕法尼亚大学的社会学家塞缪尔．H．普雷斯顿研究了美国家庭是怎样变化的。他报告说，一对普通的美国夫妇到40岁时，需要他们照顾的父母比需要他们照顾的孩子要多。这个数据显示了美国人变老后在生活方式和责任方面发生的变化。当他们的小孩成年后不久，普通中年夫妇就要预备照顾年迈的父母了。此外，由于当今人们战胜疾病的能力比以往增强了，寿命不断延长，因此家庭成员需要给予老人们长期的照顾。这些事实也意味着中年夫妇在照顾他们的父母颐养天年直至告别人世之后，他们自己也已渐渐老去，也需要他人的照顾了。当他们需要照顾时，他们的配偶也会照顾他们。close3RT Because Americans are living longer than ever, more psychologists and social workers have begun to study caregiving to improve care of the elderly. They have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best for the job, for different reasons. One caregiver said that she had always been close to her mother. Another was the oldest child. Another was the youngest child. In other words, they all felt that they could do the job better than anyone else. Social workers interviewed caregivers to find out why they took on the responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative. They discovered three basic reasons. Many caregivers believed that they had an obligation to help their relative. Some stated that helping others made them feel more useful. Others hoped that by helping someone now, they would deserve care when they became old and dependent.
由于美国人寿命越来越长，越来越多的心理学家和社会工作者开始研究如何给老年人更好的关心和照顾。他们发现所有照顾老人的人有一个共性：他们都认为自己是最适合这项工作的人，当然理由各有不同。有一个人说她和母亲关系亲密，另一个说他是长子，而另一个说自己是家中最小的孩子。换句话说，他们都认为自己可以比别人做得更好。社会工作者通过对看护人员的采访，弄清楚他们为什么要承担起照料老人或无依无靠亲戚的责任。他们找到三个基本理由：首先，很多护理人员认为他们有义务帮助他们的亲属。一些人认为，通过帮助别人，他们感觉自己更有用了。还有的人希望现在帮助别人，等到自己老了无依无靠时也能够得到别人的关爱。close4RT When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services, such as adult daycare centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse, usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discovered that the reason for this difference was fear of poverty. An ill, elderly person may live for years, and medical care and nursing homes are very expensive. An elderly couple's savings can disappear very quickly. The surviving spouse, usually the wife, can be left in poverty. As a result, she often tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can.
人们在照顾年老的亲属时通常并不使用现有的诸如成人日间护理中心之类的社区服务。但是如果看护人是成年子女的话，他们会利用此类服务，因为往往他们自己要工作，同时还有一些其他事情要做。相比而言，如果是一个配偶照顾另一个配偶时（常常是妻子照顾丈夫），她更不会使用援助服务或者把丈夫送去养老院。社会工作者发现，这种差异是畏惧贫困的心理造成的。生病的老人也许还能活许多年，而医疗保健和养老院的费用是非常昂贵的。一对老年夫妇的积蓄很快就会耗尽，那么留下的配偶――通常是妻子――则会陷入贫困。因此，妻子总是亲力亲为，尽可能久地照顾自己的丈夫。close5RT Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate (充满深情的，亲切的)and cooperative (合作的；共同的). However, even when caregiving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children. Caregivers must also learn to be assertive (断然的；自信的) and ask for help from others. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they do not know what to do.
调查还发现照顾老年人可以是一种确有助益的经历。老年人感激照顾并关心他们的人，因此心里充满了感情，并积极配合。不过，尽管照顾他人是一件让人满足的事，但这仍然是件非常艰难的工作。当看护人和有可能要照顾他人者在安排照顾年迈亲属事宜时，社会工作者和老年问题专家常会提供帮助。一种建议是让他们在父母生病需要照顾之前就询问父母的意见。或许他们宁愿去老人院，那就可以提前给自己选择一家。另一方面，也许他们想和已长大成人的孩子们住在一起。看护人必须果断行事，需要帮助时则向他人开口。兄弟姐妹常常是乐于伸出援助之手的，只是他们也不知道该怎么做而已。close6RT We can expect to live longer lives than ever before in American history. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone involved.
现在我们可以比美国历史上任何时候的人都活得更长。照顾老年人和得到别人的关照对有关的每个人都是一种令人心满意足的经历。
A Sailor's Christmas Gift
William J. Lederer 1RT Last year at Christmas time my wife, three boys, and I were in France, on our way from Paris to Nice. For five wretched days everything had gone wrong. Our hotels were "tourist traps"; our rented car broke down; we were all restless and irritable in the crowded car. On Christmas Eve, when we checked into a shabby hotel in Nice, there was no Christmas spirit in our hearts.
